In part one we'll quickly review what formative assessment is and some of its key characteristics. Then we'll learn how to use EssayTagger for fast, effective formative assessment.
"The giving of marks and the grading function are overemphasized, while the giving of useful advice and the learning function are underemphasized."
- Black, Paul, and Wiliam
Buzzword primer
I often get lost in the absurd world of edu-speak lingo. So before we even start, let's define our two key terms:
Formative assessment is an approach where the teacher "build[s] in many opportunities to assess how students are learning and then use[s] this information to make beneficial changes in instruction" (Boston). Formative assessments happen
during a unit, within the flow of instruction. It's about quickly diagnosing problems and adjusting what you're doing
tomorrow to produce better results before the unit ends.
Summative assessment "generally takes place after a period of instruction and requires making a judgment about the learning that has occurred (e.g., by grading or scoring a test or paper)" (Boston). You could also call this "Final assessment"--it's looking to measure the end result of instruction.
The two can be boiled down to:
"where are we struggling?" (formative assessment) vs.
"how did we do?" (summative assessment). Or, if you prefer a more colorful analogy:
"what's the patient's temperature" vs
"how many patients survived?"
Formative Assessment Key #1: Speed
If your goal is to modify instruction
tomorrow, clearly your formative assessments need to be fast. It would be absurd for a nurse to take a patient's temperature and then have to wait a week for the results.
Formative Assessment Key #2: Detailed diagnostics
One of the key principles behind formative assessment is that it "provides information to teachers that can be used to help shape teaching" (Nicol and Macfarlane-Dick). In this sense they are diagnostic, identifying the areas where students are struggling. The more detail it can provide--exactly who is struggling in which areas--the better, but this generally slams up against the need for speed. It's very difficult to do quick formative assessments that are highly detailed and still allow the teacher to have a life.
Formative Assessment Key #3: Quality feedback
While the first two keys were teacher-centric, this one is student-centric. Part of what powers formative assessment's effectiveness is the targeted feedback provided to each individual student. It's not enough to merely see where course corrections are needed; each student must be explicitly steered in that direction.